Lesson Plan for Senior Secondary 2 - Geography - arths External Processes And Landform Development

**Lesson Plan: Earth’s External Processes and Landform Development (Action of Running Water)** **Grade Level**: Senior Secondary 2 **Subject**: Geography **Duration**: 90 minutes **Learning Objectives:** 1. **Understand** how running water contributes to landform development. 2. **Identify** various landforms created by the action of running water. 3. **Analyze** the processes involved in the erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments by running water. 4. **Evaluate** human impact on fluvial processes and landforms. **Materials Needed:** - Whiteboard/Chalkboard - Projector and computer with internet access - PowerPoint slides - World map - Worksheets for group activities - Model or images of different landforms - Videos showing erosion and landform development - Field trip permission slips (for follow-up activity) - Textbooks and supplementary reading materials --- **Lesson Outline:** ### Introduction (10 minutes) 1. **Greeting and Roll Call**. 2. Provide a brief overview of the day's topic: "Earth’s External Processes and Landform Development through the Action of Running Water". 3. Engage students with an introductory question: "Have you ever wondered how rivers carve out valleys or create deltas?" ### Direct Instruction (20 minutes) 1. **Explain the Processes Involved**: - **Erosion**: The wearing away of the earth's surface by running water. Detail how water flow picks up and transports sediments. - **Transportation**: How sediments move downstream, including traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. - **Deposition**: Where and how sediments are laid down when the water's velocity decreases. 2. **Show a Short Video** illustrating these processes in action. ### Discussion and Q&A (10 minutes) 1. Open the floor for questions regarding the video and explanations. 2. Discuss the role of gradient, volume of water, and sediment type on erosion and deposition. ### Group Activity (20 minutes) 1. **Divide students into small groups** (3-4 members). 2. Hand out worksheets with specific questions related to different fluvial landforms: valleys, floodplains, deltas, meanders, and oxbow lakes. Include diagrams for labeling activities. 3. Ask groups to **select one landform** and describe how running water contributes to its development. ### Presentations (15 minutes) 1. Each group presents their findings to the class. 2. Encourage peer feedback and additional questions on each presentation. ### Individual Activity (10 minutes) 1. Distribute a **worksheet** with different real-world map samples showing various rivers and their associated landforms. 2. Ask students to identify and label each landform and describe the processes involved in their formation. ### Reflection and Assessment (5 minutes) 1. Quick interactive quiz using Kahoot or a similar platform to review key concepts. 2. Assign homework: - Read the next chapter in the textbook related to human influences on river processes and landform stabilization. - Prepare a short essay or sketch on a local river and the landforms it has created. ### Closure (10 minutes) 1. Summarize the key points covered during the lesson. 2. Provide field trip information if the class will be visiting a local river or floodplain to observe running water and its effects on landforms firsthand. 3. Thank the students for their participation and encourage continued curiosity in geography. --- **Follow-Up Activities:** 1. **Field Trip**: Organize a visit to a local river or stream to observe running water and identify various landforms. 2. **Extended Project**: Have students develop research projects on famous rivers around the world and their significant landforms. --- **Assessment:** 1. Group Activity Presentation 2. Worksheet Completion 3. Quiz Results 4. Homework Essay/Sketch **Differentiation Strategies:** - Provide additional visual aids and real-life examples for students who need more support. - Allow advanced students to delve deeper into research by exploring case studies of significant rivers and their impacts on human settlements. --- **Resources:** - Textbook: [Insert specific textbook and chapters related to the topic] - Websites: National Geographic, U.S. Geological Survey, BBC Earth - Videos: "Rivers and Landforms" documentary, available on YouTube or educational platforms --- **Notes for Educators:** - Be prepared to adapt the lesson to accommodate different learning styles and paces. - Encourage students to think critically about human impacts on river systems and the environment. - Collaborate with science teachers for an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, if possible.